Wheeler, Alva and Margaret Wheeler. 1962. "Siona Phonemics (Western Tucanoan)," in SEIL I, 96-111. Wheeler, Alva. 1962. "A Siona Text Morphologically Analyzed," in SEIL I, 248-68.
Population:900 in ethnic group; the language is extinct.
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial
Other Sources:
Créqui-Montfort, G. de and P. Rivet. 1920. "La langue kayuvava," IJAL 1, 245-65. Key, Harold. 1961. "Phonotactics of Cayuvava," IJAL 27, 143-50. Key, Harold. 1967. Morphology of Cayuvava. The Hague: Mouton. WALS
Consonant system:
p t k b d č ɡ̌ s š h β m n ñ ɾ
Stops:p b t d k
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:β s š h
Nasals:m n ñ
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i ɨ u o ɛ ɔ æ a
Front Vowels:i ɛ æ
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Syllable:(C)(C)V
Stress:phonemic, but usually antepenult
Noun Number:s p
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
Syntax:VOS AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:5229
Language:Camsa
Location:SW Colombia
Population:2,500
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial
Other Sources:
Howard, Linda. 1967. "Camsa Phonology," in PSCL, 73-87. Howard, Linda. 1977. "Camsa: Certain Features of Verb Inflection as Related to Paragraph Types," in DG II, 273-96.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ ts ṭs č (ɸ) s ṣ š x m n ñ l ʎ ɾ
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:ts ṭs č
Fricatives:(ɸ) s ṣ š x
Nasals:m n ñ
Laterals:l ʎ
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i ɨ u ɛ o a
Front Vowels:i ɛ
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u o
Diphthongs:ai oi ui ua ue ia io ie
Syllable:(C)(C)(C)V
Stress:mostly penult, sometimes final
Syntax:SVO/SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5230
Language:Taruma
Location:NW Brazil (Amazonas)
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial
Consonant system:
Number:5231
Language:Trumai
Location:C Brazil (Mato Grosso)
Population:10
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial
Other Sources:
Monod, Aurore. 1971. "Quelques informations sur le trumai," in La dénomination des couleurs chez les mbay de moı̈ssala, by Jean-Pierre Caprile, Paris, SELAF, 106-109. AMAZ
Consonant system:
p t̪ t k ʔ d ts f s š x h̃ m n l r
Stops:p t̪ t d k ʔ
Affricates:ts
Fricatives:f s š x h̃
Nasals:m n
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i ɨ u e o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:ɨ a
Back Vowels:u o
Noun Number:s d p
Pronouns:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV GN
Number:5232
Language:Tusha
Location:E Brazil (Pernambuco)
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial
Consonant system:
Number:5233
Language:Yuracare
Location:C Bolivia
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial
Other Sources:
Suárez, Jorge A. 1973. "Macro-Pano-Tacanan," IJAL 39, 137-54. LAND
Consonant system:
p t k ʔ b d ɡ č s ṣ š m n ñ l r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Affricates:č
Fricatives:s ṣ š
Nasals:m n ñ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
i u e o a
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:̏v̄ all
Syllable:(C)V(C)
Stress:non-phonemic (penult in nouns)
Syntax:SOV
Number:5234
Language:Saliba
Location:EC Colombia
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Piaroa-Saliba
Other Sources:E
Consonant system:
Syntax:SOV
Number:5235
Language:Piaroa
Location:SC Venezuela
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Piaroa-Saliba
Consonant system:
Number:5236
Language:Cuica
Location:NW Venezuela
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Timote
Other Sources:WALS
Consonant system:
Syntax:SVO
Number:5237
Language:Timote
Location:NW Venezuela
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Timote
Other Sources:LAND
Consonant system:
Syntax:SVO
Number:5238
Language:Cofan
Location:NE Ecuador
Population:600
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Jivaroan
Other Sources:
Borman, M. B. 1962. "Cofan Phonemes," in SEIL I, 45-59. Borman, M. B. 1977. "Cofan Paragraph Structure and Function," in DG III, 289-338. WPF
Consonant system:
p ph t th k kh ʔ b d ɡ ts tsh č čh dz ɡ̌ f s š h β ɣ m n ñ ɾ
Stops:p ph b t th d k kh ɡ ʔ
Affricates:ts tsh dz č čh ɡ̌
Fricatives:β f s š r h
Nasals:m n ñ
Vibrants:ɾ
Glides:j
Vowel system:
i ɯ ɛ o a
Front Vowels:i ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:ɯ o
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all
Syllable:CV(ʔ)
Stress:phonemic
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SOV AN GN NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post:POST
Number:5239
Language:Esmeralda
Location:W Ecuador
Population:extinct
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Jivaroan
Consonant system:
Number:5240
Language:Yaruro
Location:S Venezuela
Population:4,000
Classification:Amerind: Equatorial: Jivaroan
Other Sources:Mosonyi, Esteban Emilio. 1966. Morfologia del verbo yaruro. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Consonant system:
p ph t̪ t̪h k kh b d̪ ɡ č čh ɡ̌ h β m n̪ ñ ŋ ɾ ɾ̃
